1st Verse
In the winter garden
where the chrysanthemum has withered
when I open the window,
white early frost drifts down
The blue-winged wild goose
flies toward the north
Ah, now stand at the quiet,
empty fields
On the snowy road hometown
the flower lantern will glow
On the snowy road hometown
the flower lantern will glow
2nd Verse
Moon and sun are gone,
stars are far away
In the deep mountain valley,
at a thatched-roof village
When spring comes, every branch
will burst with joyful blossoms
Ah, now with hands together,
close your eyes
On the wattle fence of hometown house,
large snowflakes are piling up
On the wattle fence of hometown house,
large snowflakes are piling up
1. 고향의: 향’s ŋ coda meets 의 (null onset, vowel-initial), but ŋ never resyllabifies, so it stays put and 의 takes the superscript ʉ+i treatment as a null-onset ㅢ. (This superscript was missing in an earlier pass of this file; corrected here.)
2. Aspiration: 국’s coda ㄱ meets 화’s onset ㅎ and the two merge into an aspirated [kʷ]. The coda keeps its own subscript ɡ as a placeholder.
3. Glide priority: 져 = [dʒʲʌ], not [dzʲʌ], since a glide always wins the dʒ/tʃ choice regardless of base vowel.
4. 하얗게: ㅎ meets the following ㄱ and the two fully merge into aspirated [k] with no residual coda left behind, unlike the ㄱ/ㄷ/ㅂ/ㅈ+ㅎ direction, which keeps a placeholder.
5. 북녘을: two things stack. First, 북’s coda ㄱ nasalizes to [ŋ] before 녘’s onset ㄴ. Second, 녘’s own coda ㅋ resyllabifies onto 을; phonologically this should stay voiceless [kʉl], but by confirmed convention (matching actual usage in weak/resyllabified position, not just a singing convenience) it voices to [ɡʉl]. This is the project’s Three-Layer Model example word.
6. Aspiration: 적’s coda ㄱ meets 한’s onset ㅎ and merges into aspirated [k], with 적’s own subscript ɡ kept as a placeholder.
7. Three-step chain: 꽃’s coda (representative [t]) tensifies 등’s onset to [t͈]; 등’s own coda ŋ then tensifies 불’s onset to [p͈] (compound tensification, resonant coda + plain onset); 불’s own coda ㄹ finally resyllabifies onto 이.
8. Nasalization: 겠’s coda ㅆ (representative [t]) meets 네’s onset ㄴ and nasalizes to [n], the same pattern as 뗏목 or 왔네.
9. Compound tensification (rule 28): 산+골 is a modifying compound (mountain + valley), resonant coda + plain onset, so 골’s ㄱ tensifies to [k͈].
10. Resyllabification keeps the original consonant: 깊’s coda ㅍ moves onto 은 as a full aspirated onset, not the neutralized coda form.
11. 초 is in the ㅊ exception group (초/추/처/차/츠) alongside 조/주/저/자/즈 for ㅈ, so it stays [ts] rather than [tʃ].
12. Compound tensification (rule 28): 고향+집 is a modifying compound, resonant coda (ŋ) + plain onset (ㅈ), so 집’s onset tensifies to [ts͈].
13. ㅎ-deletion: 쌓’s coda ㅎ is followed by a vowel-initial syllable (이), so it simply disappears with no trace, rather than triggering aspiration.
Korean Art Song Learning Center 